Cylinder head of internal-combustion engines



Oct. 20, 1925.

` V. ARCHAOULOFF QYLINDER HEAD OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July20, 1925 ,IIb-tre 11i-boi "VJrcha/ouZ/off Patented Oct. 20, 1925.

UNITED STATES VADIME ARCHAOTJ'LOFF, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

CYLINDER HEAD OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed July 20, 1923. Serial No. 652,867.

To all 'whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, VADIME ARcnAoULoFF,

subject of Russia, and resident of Paris, De-

partment of the Seine, in France, have invented certain new and useful,Improvements in or Relating to Cylinder Heads of Internal-CombustionEngines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact, description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains, to make and -use the same.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved construction ofcylinder-heads of internal combustion engines.

The high pressures and the very great temperatures existing in thecombustion chamber of cylinders of internal combustion motors make itvery diicult to constructv properly the cylinder-heads of said motors,

- particularly in the case of two stroke engines.

The stresses which are produced in the metal of the cylinder-head, onaccount of the high pressure of the gas, are greatly increased by thetensions due to the heat, and this because the temperature in thecombustion chamber is very great and that of the cooling water prettylow. An increase in the thickness of the metal as well as the provisionof ribs and struts in order to inand this more -f crease the resistanceto the pressure of the gas, create on the other hand still greaterthermic tensions.- 0n account of this, cracks occur in the cylinder-headas is well known. vThe calculation of said tensions is as a ruleempirical and not very reliable on account of the complicated form ofthecylinderhead. The cylinder-head, object of the invention, isparticularly designed for two stroke motors without valves; itsconstruction is made according to a new principle which permits tocorrectly calculate its dimensions in making use of formulas of theresistance of materials, and at the sameV time decreasing the thermictensions.

will now describe my invention with reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which: y,

Figure l shows, Yin section, a cylinderhead constructed according to myinvention.

Figure 2 shows, in section, another form of cylinder-head practicallythe same as the one shown Figure L The main part of the cylinder-head l,has a substantially semi-spherical shape and is made of a uniformthickness in cast steel, or stamped in one piece with the centraltubular part 4, on which is seated a combustible valve (not shown).

The part l is kept in place by a ring 2 of cast iron or steel pressingagainst the collar of part l, said ring being strongly bolted to thejacketed cylinder body thereby clamping the part or bottom l to theliner of the cylinder. The A cooling chamber is made up of a cover 3 ofstamped steel sheet,

preferably soldered vtothe ring 2, Figure l.l vSaid cover could be made,if desired, of

cast steel as shown Figure 2. Said cover is provided at its top with astuffing-box 5 in order to prevent leakage around the central tubularpart 4. The cooling water passes from the cylinder water chamber intothe cylinder-head chamber, through the openings 6-7, 6-7 and thenescapesthrough apertures 8, Figures l and c2.

.It is plain that on account of the geometrical shape of part l, saidmain member can be calculated correctly and exactly as are calculatedthe spherical bottom of steam boilers or compressed air reservoirsubjected toD heavy pressures. If we call R, in the centimeters, theradius of the sphere, the pressure of the gas p in kilograms per squarecentimeter, the admissible tension of the metal K in kilograms persquare centimeter, the thickness of the metal c in centimeters isreadily obtained according to the well known formula:

In making use of a forged, orstamped, spherical bottom of good steel thethickness of the metal can be considerably reduced; besides thedifference between the temperatures of the opposite faces of said bottomwill be also reduced. It follows, on account of the above, that thethermic tensions will be at the same time considerably reduced..

The great advantage of the design described is that it will be possibleto increase, without danger, the diameter of the cylinders of internalcombustion. motors bringing them to dimensions unknown up to now.

A cylinder construction including in combination a jaclreted body, linertherein, a head including a semi-cylindricai portion provided with adepending annular! ,collar the lower edge of which is seated on theupper edge of the liner, a jacketed ring embracing the upper edge of thecollar on the main portion and seated on the upper edge of the cylinderbody, means for detachably fastening thering to the cylinder body so asto releasably clamp the main portion of the head in position, a centraltubular Valve seating member integral with and rising from the top ofthe main portion, a cover carried by the ring and arranged in spacedrelation to the main portion so as to form a cooling chambertherebetween, the

ring and the cylinderbody being provided ,embracing the outer surface ofthe central valve seating member, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

In testimony Whereol havesigned my name to this specification.

VADIME ARoHAoULoFF.

